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Useful Information concerning RCD Tester/RCD Safety Switch(漏电保护器的原理与测量应用)

Useful Information concerning RCD Tester/RCD Safety Switch
RCD Principle
RCD safety switches monitor whether the current within the L-conductor equals the current within the N-conductor. If the difference between both current values reaches a value equal to or higher than the nominal trip current of the RCD, the switch causes the interruption of the current circuit. For single-phase AC current, only the active conductors L and N are looped through the RCD switch. For three-phase current, depending on mains system, L1, L2, L3, and N (if available) must be connected (please refer to figure 2 “RCD Structure“).

RCD Structure
If the sum of currents within L1, L2, L3, N does not equal zero, a magnetic field is generated within the toroidal core, inducing a voltage within the relay current circuit when the nominal fault current is reached, the induced voltage must be at least at a level to cause the relay to trip, thus interrupting the current circuit. After fault elimination, the RCD may be switched on and locked again via the switch latch.
Pressing the test button also generates a nominal fault current causing RCD tripping for testing purposes.

DC (type B) sensitiv RCD
If an electrical load produces in the event of a fault a DC fault current, the charateristic of the RCD Safety Switch cannot be AC or puls current sensitive. These electrical loads are e.g. crane for work sites with a frequency converter. For these loads the charateristic has to be a DC (type B) current sensitive RCD. With the UNITEST EURO-Expert plus and the TELARIS FI/RCD-Anayzer the curve shape can be selected for DC sensitiv RCDs.
 
Structure of a DC (type B) sensitiv RCD

A      Trigger
M      Mechanism of RCD
E      Tripping electronic for DC fault current
T      Test circuit
n      Secondary winding
W1   Current transformer for AC fault current
W2   Current transformer for DC fault current
 
Selecting the Trip Current
For the UNITEST instruments TELARIS RCD as well as UNITEST Schuko-Fix, the trip current of the RCD safety switch is set via a rotary switch. Upon pressing the button, a fault current is fed into the system or the current circuit for the duration of <300 ms.
After a maximum time period of 300 ms the RCD switch must trip. Conventional values are between 15 ms and 50 ms. The UNITEST TELARIS RCD indicates on the display, whether the RCD switch is in working order or whether it has to be replaced by a specialist. This test using UNITEST TELARIS RCD must, for example,
supply cabinets. The display in “clear text“on the UNITEST Telaris RCD also allows staff having been trained on the job to carry

out the tests. Possible application areas are, testing RCD safety switches by masons in work site general supply cabinets, caretakers for housing companies, etc.
 
Socket Test
UNITEST RCD Testers are equipped with a display to check correct wiring and to provide ground error indication on three wire socket systems.
Hereby, the contact voltage is monitored for all UNITEST RCD testers and possible PE errors are clearly indicated.
 
Mobile RCD Safety Switch
The RCD extension is appropriate as protection against electrical accident. For all applications requiring portable personal protection, the RCD extension can be connected to the current circuit. The RCD switches off, within 300 ms after fault current occurrence at the latest. Practical application of the RCD safety switch are for lawn mowers, drilling machines, extension leads, etc.

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